Investment Formulas:
Future Value = PV × (1 + r)^n + PMT × [((1 + r)^n - 1) / r]
Compound Interest = P × (1 + r/n)^(nt)
Sharpe Ratio = (Return - Risk-free Rate) / Volatility
Investment Types:
• Stocks: Ownership in companies
• Bonds: Fixed-income securities
• Mutual Funds: Diversified portfolios
• ETFs: Exchange-traded funds
• Real Estate: Property investments
• Commodities: Raw materials
Investment Strategies:
• Buy and Hold: Long-term investing
• Dollar Cost Averaging: Regular investments
• Value Investing: Undervalued assets
• Growth Investing: High-growth companies
• Index Investing: Market tracking
• Diversification: Risk spreading